Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice...

Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice And they lived happily ever after... Or did they? Pride and Prejudice, a captivating novel written by Jane Austen, is the story of Elizabeth and her adventure challenging society and ending up deep in true love. Pride and Prejudice takes place in a town outside of London called Hertfordshire, where the reader follows Elizabeth, her friends, and her family as they search for love in the nineteenth century. The author writes of Elizabeths journey of not only finding herself, but finding true love with Mr. Darcy in the end. Austen herself never married, something that was very untraditional for her time. She went against normalcy and knew that marriage was for love, not money as†¦show more content†¦Because the statement is so candid, the reader can immediately recognize that it is an important theme in the novel. To further illustrate this thought, Austen then displays it in a conversation between Elizabeths parents, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. Mrs. Bennet is speaking of well-off, si ngle Mr. Bingley and says, But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them (3). This suggests that the union of a man and woman is seen merely as an establishment, not a matrimony of two people in love. Instances such as these show the theme of the novel very clearly to the readers. A conflict between character personalities demonstrates this theme yet again in the novel. When Elizabeths friend Charlotte becomes engaged to a man named Mr. Lucas, the topic of marriage views becomes evident once again. Charlotte does not have an extremely high income, and she feels that marriage is the simple answer to her quest to live a desirable lifestyle. She has no passion to spend the rest of her life with someone whom she actually loves. The narrator states, Without thinking highly either of men or matrimony, marriage had always been her object; it was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want (166). Because of this statement, the reader understands that these were the conventional ideas ofShow MoreRelatedComparative Study: Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice1502 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayed in Pride and Prejudice are creatively reshaped in Letters to Alice. The two texts, Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice, mirror and contrast the central values shared and explored by evaluating them; presenting them against Jane Austens context and that of Fay Weldon. Mirroring Austens novel, Weldon presents the central values for women such as the social values of moral behaviour, independence, and, literary values of reading and writing, from Pride and Prejudice and adapts themRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reflections of illicit and explicit similarities and differences in the values and attributes presented. Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice and Fay Weldon’s 1993 epistolary text Letters to Alice, both challenge the worth of their time as contexts change, but values are upheld. Weldon’s reflection on Austen’s nineteenth century environment, conveys to responders how marriage, gender roles and social class continue to be relevant issues in both regency times and the modern world. ThroughRead Mor eSocial Commentary on Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin1734 Words   |  7 PagesPride and Prejudice Love and Marriage Jane Austen shows the readers within the first sentence what the plot and main theme of Pride and Prejudice is and what social ideas she plans on presenting through this novel. The first sentence of Pride and Prejudice stands as one of the most famous introductory lines in literature. It states, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (Austen 5). This statement puts the novel inRead MorePride and Prejudice Values Juxtaposed Letters to Alice1228 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Pride and Prejudice† and â€Å"Letters to Alice† contains many similarities yet some obvious differences even when considering the fact that they were written hundreds of years apart. Both texts provide strong perspectives on a variety of issues and are very blunt in their approach. The key issue throughout both novels is the ideology of marriage in the sense of whether one should marry for love or financial st ability and standing. Both novels are written in an epistolary format providing a differentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1418 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a fundamental topic in Jane Austen’s famous novel, Pride and Prejudice. Readers become invested in the lives of the Bennet sisters who are constantly dreaming of relationships. Still unknown, however, is Austen’s reason for writing this novel that is so extremely concentrated on marriage. Some critics believe that Austen wrote the novel to portray how different social classes affected the lives of women such as the Bennet sisters. Others, however, believe that the novel was writtenRead MorePride And Prejudice: Love And Money In Holy Matrimony .1396 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice: Love and Money in Holy Matrimony Imagine a present day society where young women were only encouraged to seek a husband for their financial purposes and to gain a reputable status in the social class system. Today, who can fathom a happy marriage between two individuals without love? Well, that’s exactly what was expected in the life of the middle class families during the early nineteenth century, like the Bennet’s daughters in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice. The novelRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1697 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Bennett: Outspoken in an Oppressive Society Jane Austen once said, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (Austen 1). In other words, women of the nineteenth century were deemed dependent on men. They were to join an advantageous marriage to remain respectable and achieve a higher social class. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice concerns the social norms of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—a patriarchalRead MoreJane Austen’s Novel Pride and Prejudice Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesmain theme of an advantageous marriage for the English novelist, Jane Austen. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics (Southam). Austen’s major novels, including Pride and Prejudice, were composed between the years 1795-1815. During those twenty years England was at the height of its power facing many historical landmarks (Thomson). It is no coinc idence that Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, coincides directly with theRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financial

General Dentistry A Practitioner Of Any Dental Specialty

Dental Specialties A practitioner of any dental specialty has advanced knowledge and experience. It takes a minimum of four years to get through dental school, and at least another 2 to 3 years of schooling for a specialty. There are seven main specialties. General dentistry focuses mainly on prevention and treatment. A pediatric dentist works with children. An orthodontist will focus on a patient’s bite and the effect that it has on surrounding tissue. An endodontist specializes in disease and injury involving the roots of the teeth. A periodontist is for gum related diseases. Oral Surgery is for the surgical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Finally, a prosthodontist specializes in replacement and restoration of teeth†¦show more content†¦A specialist that many people see in an orthodontist. Although it often seems like a cosmetic concern, the alignment of one’s teeth has a huge impact on things such as tooth and gum decay and even tooth loss. A n orthodontist’s main function is to correct the bite, whether it be an overbite or an underbite. Fixing the bite can also help with the function of the teeth, including chewing and talking (Ranft, n.d.). The outcome from orthodontic treatment is both a straight and healthy smile and a properly functioning bite. An endodontist specializes in the treatment of injury and disease that occurs in the pulp and the roots of the teeth. What once may have required a tooth to be pulled, can now be repaired by an endodontist. An endodontist gives an average of 25 root canals a week, whereas a general dentist averages around 2 (â€Å"Why Choose an Endodontist,† n.d.). Other treatments and endodontist gives include: surgical removal of tooth structures, whitening of the dentin and enamel, root end filling and placement of posts to support and strengthen teeth (Rondon, n.d.). A root canal may sound scary, but it may be the best way to save a tooth and an endodontist has acquir ed specialized knowledge to ensure the best of care. One of the most common dental diseases is periodontal disease and for this you would see a periodontist. A periodontist specializes in the diseases of the gums and their surrounding tissues.Show MoreRelatedThe History Of Cosmetic Dentistry Gives Insight Into The1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of cosmetic dentistry gives insight into the current social standing of cosmetic dentistry. In Braces, Pointless and Essential, Michael Thomsen, the author, presents the history of dentistry (and as a result, the history of cosmetic dentistry). A man named Pierre Fauchard is introduced as an 18th century French physician credited as being the â€Å"father of modern dentistry† because of his formalization of â€Å"the basic principles of contemporary braces† (anchoring dentures to molars to keepRead MoreGeneral Dentistry And Human Anatomy And The Skeletal System1309 Words   |  6 PagesI’ve chosen is General Denti stry. I’m interested in this career because I’d like to have my own practice, this is so I can be my own boss. I also am very interested with human anatomy and the skeletal system. Some things I’m going to cover about General Dentistry are the following: tools and thing used by dentists, career requirements and qualifications, working conditions, salary, typical days, my interests in this career, a personal interview, and lastly, some fun facts about dentistry. Tools andRead MoreSeven Differents Jobs in Dental Occupations 1862 Words   |  8 Pagesresponsibilities. A general practitioner/general dentist, is a dentist that takes care of everything. â€Å"This dentist diagnoses, treats, and manages your overall oral health care needs, including gum care, root canals, fillings, crowns, veneers, bridges, and preventive education† (â€Å"Dentists and Other Oral Health Care Providers,† 2005). In order to become a general practitioner you must first go to undergraduate school, and then complete four more years of dental school (â€Å"What Does a General Dentist Do?† 2013)Read MoreDental Surgery : A Dental Surgeon1751 Words   |  8 Pagesas a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry-- the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. A dentist has additional tasks rather than just checking on and pulling teeth, there is much more that a dentist does in their day to day job. A dentist performs many important tasks in the keeping up of oral health. Check-ups are a huge part of the job and are important for patients to stay on top of their oral care. In addition to general check-upsRead MoreEssay A Calling in Dentistry2285 Words   |  10 Pageslooking at the economy I realize that I need to obtain a sustainable job that will be on the rise, and of the three I narrowed it down to one field, dentistry. Inspired by my dentist, Nicholas Chiotelis, I saw his line of work and his passion for the career it became apparent that it was my calling as well. History and Development: Dentistry has always been a part of history, a founding occupation. The tooth worm, first noted by the Sumerians around 5000 BC was one of the many original hypothesisRead MoreJob Shadowing a Dentist3438 Words   |  14 PagesDentistry: A Reason for a Big Smile 2011 Brooke Kraft Derby Family Dentistry 3/13/2011 Everybody has experienced the roaring pain in the back of his or her mouth at one point in their lives. It is the ache that doesn’t seem to go away no matter how careful one might be. At this moment, a person knows that he or she needs help to terminate the throbbing that has literally taken over the entirety of their mouth. They need a dentist to stop the anguish. Luckily, dentistry offices are locatedRead MoreOverview of the Healthcare System in Denmark1847 Words   |  8 Pagesgoverned by a constitutional monarchy, has a central parliament and is administratively divided into regions, municipalities and has 2 dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) (Kravitz Treasure, 2009). It has a national health service (funded by general taxation) and a decentralized healthcare system in which the individual regions run most services and the municipalities are responsible for some public health services (Kravitz Treasure, 2009). However, a process of (re) centralization (unde r theRead MoreU.s. Department Of Veterans9636 Words   |  39 Pagesforecasting provider staffing needs because of a lack of staffing models and tools to make these decisions and a lengthy hiring process. Key findings with respect to the VHA provider staffing levels are: †¢ Finding 1: VHA specialties with the highest provider FTE levels include medicine specialties, mental health, and primary care, consistent with VHA’s care model and the needs of the Veteran population. Social Workers also represent a significant portion of Provider FTEs. (See Section 2.1.1) †¢ Finding 2: VHARead MorePhysician Shortage Of The United States2271 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The physician shortage is of highest concern in the United States, especially since the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has been passed. The question is, do we really have a physician shortage? Is it by geographical region or by specialty? I will explore this question and have several different solutions to the physician shortage problem. Physician Shortage 3 We have an aging physician population that are reaching the age of retirement. It takes three to sevenRead MoreHealth Care Issues Among Rural Areas2334 Words   |  10 Pagesthan 50 million people—live in rural areas, but only 9% of the nation s physicians practice in rural communities†(Rosenblatt, Hart, 2000, para. 2) There is tremendous need for doctors to enter the workforce within the rural community. People need general and specialized care but are unable to get it because of the plain truth that there just are not enough doctors that are willing to move to these rural areas. â€Å"Only three percent of recent medical students are planning to practice in small towns and

A Clean Well Lighted Place- Ernest Hemmingway Summary Free Essays

â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† Theme Analysis â€Å"I wouldn’t want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing. † â€Å"Not always. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clean Well Lighted Place- Ernest Hemmingway Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk. Look at him. † -Ernest Hemmingway The story written by Ernest Hemmingway tells of a deaf old man who is in conversation with others at a cafe in the late night hours. The others in the story’s setting share a significant difference of age and opinion. It seems they depict their ages as stages of life. The story contains a lot of noteworthy symbols, behaviors and decisions that give us hints as to what the story is supposed to represent. Characters within the story are divided into four age groups, each having different characteristics and behaviors, however all waiting for their time to in which they face the inevitable and depart from the physical realm of living and into what follows. The old man is described as a deaf and depressed man who tried to take his life away a week prior the story’s setting. It is said in the story the man is financially stable and is a frequent guest in the cafe that is well lighted and clean, unlike bars or bodegas . The story also is able to show the old man’s loneliness, sadness, and distress. Also, the waiters are sharing significant differences between them; the young waiter is in a hurry to leave work and go home to his wife, he is unsympathetic for the old man, he shows a disliking to him, and displays disgust towards the idea of getting old and the old man himself. It seems as if the young bartender has no appreciation for the old man life and holds no regard to it. Unlike the older bartender who tries to understand the old man’s condition and is curious of his suicide attempt. The older waiter himself is not in the hurry, after leaving work he goes to the bar to get a drink and then finally falls asleep upon the dawn. The last characters, however not as significant but symbolic, are a young soldier and a young girl who are just strolling through the street at night. The story reveals interesting patterns based on the age of characters. The young couple strolling through the street at night gives us as an image of how young people are free and independent. Having their whole life in front of them, they explore their surroundings, strive for new experiences and enjoy life without taking a break to stop and think where it is leading. The young bartender is a described to be in the next level in life. He is probably one or perhaps two decades older then the soldier and young girl. Hemmingway gives us indirect hints of the characteristics in which a middle stage life in an adult would exhibit. The young bartender is in a hurry to leave the cafe and go home to his wife. â€Å"I wouldn’t want to be that old† he says during the dialog with another bartender. At some point, upset about having to serve the old man who prevents him to close up the cafe and go home he even says, â€Å"He should have killed himself last week. † It shows how this character is captivated by own needs and wants. It shows his life as having purpose or meaning, time for himself, and an outlook for the future of him and his family. Perhaps, at this point of life, Hemmingway tries to tell us that people are confined within their own personal spaces, living a fast-paced life and trying to accomplish as much as possible with no little regard towards others. They do not look towards life’s philosophy and take that approach very lightly carefully avoiding the truth behind life, because they’re simply disgusted by it. Conceivably, materialistic good is a measure of happiness at that age. The conversation between him and the other bartender reveals that in his mind despair over life couldn’t be caused by anything but money. When the older bartender tells him he’s got everything – confidence, youth and work, the young bartender simply replies â€Å"Come on. Stop talking nonsense. . . .† The older bartender, no doubt, is closer emotionally to the old man. He is far from being in a hurry. The sight of the financially well old man who frequently stays until the last possible drink at the cafe, and has tried to commit suicide week before captivates him. In a way he can relate to the old man, and views him as someone who, like him, has contributed his time and life by years. He questions the younger bartender about circumstances around his suicide attempt as well as trying to defend the old man from arrogant opinions expressed by his co-worker. Why didn’t you let him stay and drink? † the old waiter asks the younger bartender when he refused to serve the old man anymore even though the time for closing was an hour away. Then he concludes â€Å"I am of those who do not want to go to bed. [I am] with all those who need a light for the night . . . We are two of different kinds. † The author leaves it to our imagination to interpret what the bartender mea nt by the â€Å"light† for the night however the distinction between two characters that is linked to their age is significant. The older waiter is slowly getting through the stage of life preceding that of the old lonely man. The â€Å"light† might be a symbol for the hope or motivation for the life to continue. Younger characters of the story did not have a need for that hope as they had everything – confidence, youth, work and most importantly – the time. The old man is the most important figure in the story. Even though he is not part of conversation and does not say more than simple words, he is a symbol of the last stage of one’s life. Hemmingway shows that stage as depressing, a lonely time in one’s life. He shows the old man as having realized the meaningless of life, the old man’s need to move on. The suicide attempt was significant as well as the fact that the old man was deaf, because it shows the man’s loneliness, his need to be with others, and is desperate attempt to end the silence, he feels he is confined to his own lonely thoughts by being deaf and wants nothing more than to end the silence with death, because death or life means nothing to him. The story is constructed in a very enlightening way; by including the different age groups and the different opinions of life and its worth to others. It is interesting to see the contrasting views of the individuals as they journey through life and all its experiences. Take the epigraph above; it shows to vivid contrast between the old and the young bartender. The young bartender shows his disgust in getting old, and his avoidance of it, while the old bartender in his quote shares his appreciation for maturity and the life’s worth. It is something to take from this story that as we all live to understand life and its meaning with different views and opinions, we share one thing in common and that is the inevitable. How to cite A Clean Well Lighted Place- Ernest Hemmingway Summary, Papers

Strategy of the Central Bank of Nigeria-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Strategy of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Answer: Introduction: The report gives a brief overview of the development of change management strategy of an established organization. Here in the report the organization chosen is the Central Bank of Nigeria. Thus, the report has a brief description about the bank, its stakeholders and the development of the change management strategy. The report then draws a picture on the first six steps of Kotters model and to what extent the chosen organization aligns its strategies of change based on the proposed model. There is discussion of the external and internal factors of the Central Bank of Nigeria that is responsible for creation of urgency. The report also focuses on the identification of the change events for the bank and analyzing of the attributes and characteristics for coalition building. There is also focus on identification of the goals and broader strategies of the bank in the light of forming a vision. Further, there is a detailed analysis of evolving, improving and monitoring of the strategies for change management undertaken in the context of the bank. The report also gives a brief overview of the relevant tools and techniques used by the Central Bank of Nigeria for communicating the vision. The report also discusses about the removal of the obstacles by the Central Bank of Nigeria through the identification of resistance from potential risk and various stakeholders that is associated with the process of change. Finally, the report speaks about creation of short-term goals of the Central Bank for the realization of the strategic change in management and ends in with a proper conclusion Development of Change Management Strategy (in consideration of Stakeholders) The company chosen here is the Central Bank of Nigeria. The establishment of the Central Bank of Nigeria dates back to 1958 under the CBN act but the commencement of its operation began on first of July1959. The primary regulatory objectives of the bank as per the act was the maintenance of countrys external reserve, promotion of stable financial ambience through proper monetary supply and act as a financial aid as well as advisor to federal government. The end of the imperial rule saw the government in a proactive state especially for economic development. Thus, such desire of the government remained fulfilled by the bank that provided aid to any shortfall in the allocations of credit for the real estate sector (Ovat 2012). Soon the bank also got involved in lending financial help to the customers through various commercial banks. However, government remained actively involved in building the equity centers and nations money through the help of Central Bank of Nigeria. The governmen t also ensured the formation of the securities regulatory board and introduction of instruments related to treasury of the capital markets. The stakeholders of the Central Bank of Nigeria includes other commercial banks, insurance firms, various regulators, development experts and partners, government and public sector institutions, telecommunications/technology firms and other financial institutions(Madawaki, A., 2012). The present scenario is becoming increasingly challenging and complex for the Central Bank of Nigeria (Adeniji, Osibanjo and Abiodun 2013). The bank has not only become targets of cyber attacks and but also suffers regulation on staff planning based on increased budget constraints and demographics. In addition to this, there has also been a change in the mandates of the Central Bank. However, studies have shown that integration of risk management at the early stage of annual plan and strategic plan development can be beneficial. The functions of the risk management that aligns with the day-to -day business procedures can lead to important insights for the people responsible for the strategic planning process (Achumba, Ighomereho, and Akpor-Robaro 2013). However, the forward-looking nature of the strategic planning process is necessary to identify areas of potential risk in future. Thus, it is very important for the integration of risk management with strategic performance and planning management for ensuring better management of the Central Banks reputation and business risk. Creation of Sense of Urgency (Evaluation of the Internal and External Factors of The Organization) Sense of Urgency? According to the model proposed by Kotter, the first step involves creation of urgency. Thus, for a change to occur it requires involvement of the whole organization. This leads to the creation of initial spark for motivating and driving things into action (Appelbaum et. al 2012). Creation of urgency does not only involve showing the people the poor statistics of sales or speaking about enhanced competition but it also leads to convincing and ensure honest conversation with the competitors about the whereabouts of the marketplace. Thus, if there are quite a number of people who considers the change then based on it the urgency can be built and thereby necessary actions taken. Therefore as per Kotter there are few guidelines that need to be followed for the creation of urgency. These are as follows: (1) Identifying the potential threats and developing scenarios that portray the happenings of the future. (2) Examining opportunities that could have been or should have been exploited (3) There should be discussions that should include convincing and dynamic reasons to motivate people to think or talk (4) Requesting the support of the outside stakeholders, customers and industry people to validate the argument related to change. External Factors Applying Kotters theory, the sense of urgency in the Central Bank of Nigeria identified through the the external factors. Here, the external factors refers to the impact of environment on business processes, strategies, visions and missions of the bank (Irefin, Abdul-Azeez and Tijani 2012). However, the business of an organization operates within a bigger framework of external environment that not only enables shaping opportunities but poses potential threat to the organization. However, for the banking sector the external environment comprises of a cluster of complicated, fast changing and noteworthy interacting organizations responsible for affecting the companys ability to deal with the customers. Thus, business must be aware of the environmental conditions that interfere with decisions of marketing strategy. Thus, the environmental conditions must include operational challenges, globalization, economic trend, previous management failures and market pressure and government legisla tion. Internal Factors According to Kotters theory, the sense of urgency in the Central Bank of Nigeria identified through the evaluation of the internal factors. The internal factors include that have a significant impact on the profitability of the Central Bank of Nigeria are asset quality ratio, liquidity ratio, management efficiency ratio and capital ratio. These factors influenced by the management decisions of the bank (Onuonga, S.M., 2014). The asset quality ratio represents the evaluation or review of accessing the credit risk in accordance with the asset chosen. On the other hand, the liquidity ratio refers to the measurement of ability of the company for paying its debt obligations and its safety margins through metrics calculation that includes quick ratio, current ratio and operating cash flow ratio. The efficiency ratio is the measurement of the banks capability in using its liabilities and assets internally. Capital ratio measures the level to which Central Bank of Nigeria finances operation through the issue of shares and profit retention calculated as a percentage of its assets. Coalition Building (Identifying Change Events and Analyzing their Characteristic and Attributes) According to the Kotters, formation of an effective coalition involves step 2 of the change model. Therefore, for a strategic change movement it is very necessary to make people believe in the importance of change (Mou 2013). This first step towards the process is to identify the stakeholders of the company. Thus, for Central Bank of Nigeria it is necessary to identify the government and public sector institutions, telecommunications/technology firms, regulators, other banks and insurance firms who pose as stakeholders. Then the next step involved is to identify the emotional commitment from them. There should also be efforts on effective team building with identification of the weak areas of the team. The team involved should also be a mix of good people from various departments of the bank. Forming a Vision (Developing Goals and Broad Strategy) In step 4, Kotter focuses on the creation of a vision for undertaking a change. This can be explained by saying that when an organization thinks of a change in vision there are ample ideas and solutions that pours in. Therefore, the ideas undertaken for initiating a change in vision in an organizational structure should be such that they are easily understood by the employees. Therefore, in order to do it is very important to determine the values that are essential for the change (Okafor 2012). Then there should be development of short summary that will capture the ideas that foresee the future of the company. Further, there must be a strategy to execute the vision. Additionally, there must also be assurance that the coalition building is able to describe the vision in no less than five minutes. Moreover, a vision speech should describe the present scenario of the company. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria should be inclined and have greater involvement towards the making of economic policy and implementation that involves various events from the last financial crisis. This was done in addition to the traditional functions that involved determining the money supply and interest rates for achieving price stability, implementation and formulation of monetary policy, supervising and regulating the financial and banking systems, financial market stability and management of foreign reserves (Amah and Ahiauzu 2014). Further, the economic crisis has forced the central bank to implement macroeconomic management policies in various nations. Therefore, in Nigeria it became crucial to include a governor in the economic management team of Central Bank so that policies are aligned with the development taking place globally. Thus, the role that Central Bank of Nigeria plays in a developing economy like Nigeria is more demanding than the crisis management. The Nigerian economy has a faltering process of development and lack of professionalism in the formulation and management of economic policy that justifies the fact that Central Bank of Nigeria should be involved more actively in matters related to macroeconomic policy (Odior and Banuso 2012). Monitoring, improving and Evolving Monitoring: Thus, in order to deliver change it is very important to measure and monitor outcome. However, reporting, and clarity of change is also necessary. Compared to commercial sectors, Central Bank has less clarity in the metrics related to market share and profit (Agbada and Osuji 2013). However, a clear discussion on the strategic journey of the Central Bank of Nigeria with reference to labor division between the department heads and the board members responsible for setting policies can explain the extent to which Central Bank of Nigeria show the effectiveness of change and the ways they ensure for valuing their money. Improving: For improvement, there should be a thorough analysis of project management long with the value chain. Therefore, one can see that Central Bank of Nigeria is responsible for managing multiple activities that are in a way resulting in the performance and improvement of various processes of the bank (Von 2012). Thus, the details of the conduct of each department along with the processes and the portfolio of employees responsible are recognized. The work of the value chain however plays a pivotal role in the management of the organization through the linkage of tactic and strategic planning, development and training, risk management, communication, documentation and cost (Peppard and Ward 2016). Evolving: The present scenario puts the bank in a position where they consider the strategic function to be a part of the management structure of Central Bank. However, in this context it be can be said that the leadership, resourcing, profile and buy-in function is necessary for further evolution of the strategic functions within the bank (Adeniji, Osibanjo and Abiodun 2013). Now it is matter of time to wait and see as to how the evolution of the strategic function can further uplift the role of the central bank to deliver sensible practices. Communicating the Vision (Relevant Tools and Techniques to Implement the Changes and Creating an Implementation Plan) According to Kotters model of change step 4 involves the communication of the vision. The vision must strongly be communicates so that it becomes a part of everything that is done within the company (Gorran 2013). In addition to special meetings called for communicating the vision there should be situation when the vision spoken about often. Further, the anxieties and concern of people addressed honestly and openly. Thus, the vision must reflect in all aspects of the operation that ranges from reviews of performance to training. Thus, if the scenario of the Central Bank understood in this context it is important to identify the tools and techniques. Therefore, the tools and techniques for implementation of changes are as follows: Making of the Strategic Plan The strategic planning considered a very effective framework when the Central Bank of Nigeria is undergoing changes that are not only institutional but operational. Therefore, strategic planning enables the bank to deal respond to opportunities, challenges and emerging trends (Quirke 2012). The bank must devote time to ensure that the set objectives are practical enough and are in alignment with the departmental strategy of the Central Bank. Effective Implementation across Institution There is criticality in deriving a strategic vision based on institutional objective; the impact of the change depends on its implementation compared to the formulation of the strategies. In order to do this, a requirement of departmental goal is necessary that must be aligning with the strategic objectives. Implementation refers to the measurement and evaluation of the strategies along with them being operational (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter 2012) . Here, focus is on measuring matrixes, communication, organizational values, culture, and the dynamics of the team. Role of Human Resource (HR) in the Change However, for communicating the vision the HR plays a vital role. Thus, in Central Bank of Nigeria the function of HR should be to provide aid in the process of planning thus ensuring that people not only have experience but they also have the right amount of knowledge and skills as per the strategic plan of the organization(Bratton and Gold 2012). HR strategies should therefore be in accordance with the overall corporate strategy. Generation of Strategic Communication The successful implementation of the strategic change is only possible when the entire organization is well informed. The message must therefore be tailored and not only well constructed for delivery. Thus, the task for of the planners does not end with the implementation of the change but also remains in its proper implementation. This is important because any kind of uncertainty among the staffs may create a hindrance in the implementation of the plan (Zafar and Afzal 2014). Therefore, it is of utmost importance to the Central Bank of Nigeria to undertake communication strategies as a part of their management and planning process. Ensuring Engagement and Leadership The Strategic change management is not just a mechanical process but is also an emotional process. Thus, the change can be at times be stressful for the staffs of the Central Bank of Nigeria if the vision remains unclear to them (Alhazemi, Rees and Hossain 2013). Therefore, the necessary step for the leaders of the team is to boost the enthusiasm and morale of the banking staffs through proper communicative means. Thus, for this purpose one can use various soft skills for enhancing better communication. Removing Obstacles (Identifying Possible Resistance from Various Stakeholders and Potential Risks Associated with Change Process as well as Possible Strategies to Manage Resistance The fifth step of the Kotters model for change focus on removal of the obstacle. This helps in empowering the people of the organization and in the execution of the vision. Thus, the removal of the obstacles refers to identification of the leaders who can understand the strategies for change (Pollack and Pollack 2015). Moreover, the model also stresses on identifying the people who will resist such change and thereby take immediate action for removal of the barriers. Thus, Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure undertaking the following measures for identifying the possible resistance and thereby overcoming it. Importance to Gut Feeling: There are cases that signal about the mistakes of an organization in the portrayal of the strategic change management to the people. Thus, choice of the right people for carrying the business forward is important (Burke 2017). The Central Bank of Nigeria must therefore make a choice involving the right amount of people who will be able to carry forward the strategic change movement. The bank should discard less competent staff from the management. Frugality in Company Value: There should be frugality in matters that involve company value. The Central Bank of Nigeria must convey a message to the staffs and employees to be frugal in matters that involves the company money. Thus, being frugal not only saves cost but also helps the company to move forward with the strategic change management. Abandon What Does Not Work To overcome the obstacles it is very necessary to evaluate the strategies that do not work before they become the reason for a major obstacle (Repoux 2014). Thus, it is important for the Central Bank of Nigeria to identify strategies that do not work. That will enable the bank to concentrate better on other strategies that work towards the change movement. Old Strategies to be Replaced There is an inbound tradition amongst organizations to stick to out of date modes. In this context, it is very important for the Central Bank of Nigeria to identify outdated modes of strategies that hampers business in the process. Thus, for implementing the strategic change management it is important for the organization to identify old strategies and replace them with new ones (Appelbaum et.al 2012). Identifying the Major Obstacle: The organization must identify and train the right people responsible for the growth of the business (Eayrs, Cadrin and Glass 2014). Thus, it is primary for the organization to identify the major obstacles that might pose hindrance to the strategic change management. In this context, this can however be said that the Central Bank of Nigeria should have clarity about the major obstacle that poses threat to the vision for change. Sticking to Vision: The level of the obstacle should be not so huge that it affects the vision of the company. Thus, no matter what the scenario is the Central Bank of Nigeria must adhere to the vision and ensure proper management of function (Calegari, Sibley and Turner 2015). Create Short Term Wins (Identifying Short Term Smart Goals) The Step 6 of Kotter model focuses on the creation of short-term goals. The goals are responsible for the improvement of the organization, on deciding the success of the organization, ensure overall visibility in the organization, and have a connection with strategic change movement (Fullan 2014). These goals therefore, lead to elimination of any kind of discouragement that the company faces and leads to any major change. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria needs to undertake short-term goals that will lead the bank in the process of strategic change management. Specific Innovative Goals The organization should undertake setting specific goals that ensures reflection of the strategic change that management undertakes. However, while setting goals the company must consider them innovative (Kotter 2012). While setting goals it is of utmost importance for the company to make sure that they are team specific and thereby helps in building unity and benchmarks necessary for monitoring success. Ensure Sustainable Growth The choice of goals should be in a manner that ensures the company success through sustainable growth. The chosen goals should not only be aggressive but at the same time be attainable. The bank must also ensure that the employees have proper set of skill set to contribute to the realization of the goals. The usual trend seen is that when goals are in alignment with annual and quarterly reviews then there is persistence of sustainability in the execution of strategic change (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Setting Realistic Goals The initiation of team success with the desired set of goals will not only drive the need for more aggressive goals but will pump up the future strategies for change. The realistic nature of the goals not only allows the Central Bank of America to undertake measures for improving customer satisfaction but initiate necessary changes in the management (Parker et.al 2013). Thus, realistic goals are acting as the force that is responsible for driving the course of the business planning. Timeline Specific Goals The augmentation of the goal setting strategies is through the maintenance of manageable timelines and effective communication. Thus, through commitment, structure setting and execution of specific goals the banks culture will evolve in a manner that will not only sustain but support improvements (Lau 2015). However, the fixture of timeline towards a goal the bank is able to move forward with the strategies of change. Conclusion The report ends with the discussion of the sixth step of Kotters model of change that is creation of short-term goals. There is also a discussion on the various goals undertaken by chosen company, Central Bank of Nigeria. The report does an in detail analysis of the Kotters model of change and how it enables the company in undertaking strategic change management. Here in the report there is a linkage drawn between the Kotters first step of change that involves creation of urgency with how the Central Bank of Nigeria is playing a role in the adoption of urgency through internal and external factors. However, based on Kotters the second step on coalition building the report identifies the change agents, thereby analyses their characteristics, and attributes in relation to the Central Bank of Nigeria. The report further discusses on the third step of the Kotters model, thereby focusing on vision for change for the Central Bank of Nigeria in context of development of goals and broader st rategy. Further, there is discussion on the communication of the vision of selection of techniques and tools for implementation of the strategies for change management. Further briefing about the removal of the obstacles from the Central Bank of Nigeria done that involves identifying the resistance from stakeholders for the implementation of strategic change. In the report, one can also find the development of change management strategy from the point of view of the stakeholders. There is also brief overview of the Central Bank of Nigeria, its stakeholders and strategies undertaken for change management. Thus, the Kotters model of change plays a vital role in the strategic change management of an established company like Central Bank of Nigeria. Thus, for explaining the strategies of change for the bank the Kotters model acts as a framework References: Achumba, I.C., Ighomereho, O.S. and Akpor-Robaro, M.O.M., 2013. Security challenges in Nigeria and the implications for business activities and sustainable development. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(2). Adeniji, A.A., Osibanjo, A.O. and Abiodun, A.J., 2013. Organisational Change and Human Resource Management Interventions: an Investigation of the Nigerian Banking Industry. Serbian Journal of Management, 8(2), pp.2-16. Adeniji, A.A., Osibanjo, A.O. and Abiodun, A.J., 2013. Organisational Change and Human Resource Management Interventions: an Investigation of the Nigerian Banking Industry. Serbian Journal of Management, 8(2), pp.2-16. Agbada, A.O. and Osuji, C.C., 2013. The efficacy of liquidity management and banking performance in Nigeria. International review of management and business research, 2(1), pp.223-233. Alhazemi, A.A., Rees, C. and Hossain, F., 2013. Implementation of strategic organizational change: The case of King Abdul Aziz University in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Public Administration, 36(13), pp.972-981. Amah, E. and Ahiauzu, A., 2014. Shared values and organizational effectiveness: a study of the Nigerian banking industry. Journal of Management Development, 33(7), pp.694-708. Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S., Malo, J.L. and Shafiq, H., 2012. Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model. Journal of Management Development, 31(8), pp.764-782. Appelbaum, S.H., Habashy, S., Malo, J.L. and Shafiq, H., 2012. Back to the future: revisiting Kotter's 1996 change model. Journal of Management Development, 31(8), pp.764-782. Burke, W.W., 2017. Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Calegari, M.F., Sibley, R.E. and Turner, M.E., 2015. A Roadmap for Using Kotter's Organizational Change Model to Build Faculty Engagement in Accreditation. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 19(3), p.31. Eayrs, S., Cadrin, S.X. and Glass, C.W., 2014. Managing change in fisheries: a missing key to fishery-dependent data collection?. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 72(4), pp.1152-1158. Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Gorran Farkas, M., 2013. Building and sustaining a culture of assessment: best practices for change leadership. Reference services review, 41(1), pp.13-31. Irefin, I.A., Abdul-Azeez, I.A. and Tijani, A.A., 2012. An investigative study of the factors affecting the adoption of information and communication technology in small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 2(2), p.1. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014. Business process management. Routledge. Kotter, J., 2012. How the most innovative companies capitalize on today's rapid-fire strategic challenges-and still make their numbers. Harvard business review, 90(11), pp.43-58. Lau, C.Y., 2015. Quality improvement tools and processes. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 26(2), pp.177-187. Madawaki, A., 2012. Adoption of international financial reporting standards in developing countries: The case of Nigeria. International Journal of Business and management, 7(3), p.152. Mou, I.K., 2013. Identifying and minimizing risks in the change management process: The case of Nigerian banking industry. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 1(6), pp.148-162. Odior, E.S. and Banuso, F.B., 2012. Cashless banking in Nigeria: Challenges, benefits and policy implications. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 8(12). Okafor, C.E., 2012. Change and consolidation in the Nigerian banking industry: an exploration of two key Central Bank of Nigeria objectives. Onuonga, S.M., 2014. The analysis of profitability of kenyas top six commercial banks: Internal factor analysis. American International Journal of Social Science, 3(5), pp.94-103. Ovat, O., 2012. The Central Bank of Nigerias cashless policy in Nigeria: Benefits and challenges. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 3(14). Parker, D., Verlinden, A., Nussey, R., Ford, M. and Pathak, R.D., 2013. Critical evaluation of project-based performance management: change intervention integration. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 62(4), pp.407-419. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016. The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Pollack, J. and Pollack, R., 2015. Using Kotters eight stage process to manage an organisational change program: Presentation and practice. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 28(1), pp.51-66. Quirke, M.B., 2012. Making the connections: using internal communication to turn strategy into action. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Repoux, C., 2014. Leading change management projects in international cross-cultural settings (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. and Ginter, P.M., 2012. Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Von Krogh, G., 2012. How does social software change knowledge management? Toward a strategic research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 21(2), pp.154-164. Zafar, F., Butt, A. and Afzal, B., 2014. Strategic Management: Managing Change by Employee Involvement. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 13(1), pp.205-217.

Women Empowerment Through Education free essay sample

The year 2020 is fast approaching is Just 13 year away . This can became reality only when the women of this nation became empowerment . India presently account for the largest number no of illiterates in the world . Literacy rate in India have risen sharply from 18. 3% in 1951 to 64. 8% in 2001 in which enrolment of women in education have also risen sharply 7% to 54. 16% . Despite the importance of women education unfortunately only 39% of women are literate among the 64% of the man. Within the framework of a democratic polity , our laws , development policies , plan nd programmes have aimed at womens advancement in difference spheres. From the fifth five year plan(1974-78) onwards has been a marked shift in the approach to womens issues from welfare to development . In recent years ,the empowerment of women has been recognized as the central issue in determining the status of women . We will write a custom essay sample on Women Empowerment Through Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The National Commission of Women was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1990 to safeguard the right and legal entitlements of women . The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1993) to the constitution of India have provided for reservation of seats in the local bodies of panchayats and Municipalities for women , laying a strong oundation for their participation in decision making at the local level . The purpose of this paper to focus on the women empowerment through education and this study based on secondary data . *Research Scholar , Depart of Economic

Leonidas of Sparta essays

Leonidas of Sparta essays Leonidas was a king of ancient Sparta, the seventeenth of the Agiad line. He succeeded to the throne after his half brother Cleomenes committed suicide in around 489 BC. Very little is known about his life, but his heroic death at the pass of Thermopylae is one of the most famous episodes in history. The Persian king, Xerxes, invaded Greece in about 480 BC, with a large army. The Greek army was considerably smaller and inferior to that of the Persians, and so their only option, to avoid defeat, was to find a position to defend where Persian numbers would be of less account. Two defensive lines remained; at the narrow coastal pass of Thermopylae, where the Greek fleet could block the north-Euboean strait, or at the Isthmus itself with the fleet a little to the north of Salamis. After much indecision, the choice fell on Thermopylae. Leonidas was sent with about 7000 men to the pass of Thermopylae. In the pass, Leonidas men repulsed the frontal attacks of the Persians for the first two days, but on the third day Leonidas learned that a Greek traitor had informed Xerxes of a mountain top trail that would help the Persians break the pass. Leonidas sent most of the Greeks to safety to Southern Greece and then swung his remaining force of 300 Spartans and 1100 other Greeks, against the enemy with undaunted courage and grim determination worthy of their Gods. Leonidas fell bravely in the thickest of the fight and a fierce struggle raged over the body of the Spartan King, but given the numbers they faced, the body did fall into Persian hands. It has been said by contemporary Greeks, that Leonidas head was afterwards cut off by Xerxes order and his body then crucified. He was buried with full honours, including a very un-Spartan display of wailing and mourning, and a carved lion was dedicated at his death site to symbolise his courage. The mourning of Leonidas death reinforces his import...

Identity Theft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Identity Theft - Essay Example Criminal identity theft, the most common non-financial type, occurs when someone gives another's personal information to a law enforcement officer when he or she is arrested. In addition to the financial losses resulting from identity theft, the person whose personal information has been used will have an erroneous credit or criminal history that is often expensive and time-consuming to correct. This type of identity fraud involves taking on someone else's identity in order to commit a crime, enter a country, get special permits, hide one's own identity, or commit acts of terrorism. These criminal activities can include Computer and cyber crimes, Organized crime, Drug trafficking, Alien smuggling and money laundering. The incidences of identity theft augmented drastically beginning in the late 1990s due to the computerization of records and the capacity to use someone else’s personal information incognito over the Internet. This scam has amplified in the last few years. According to a September 2003 survey conducted by the Federal Trade Commission, an estimated 10 million people in the United States found out they were victims of identity theft in the previous year, much higher than the 500,000 to 750,000 victims estimated in 2001. Since all victims do not make the reporting of this fraud, these figures do not disclose the real rigorousness of this offense. Identity theft is likely to cause massive harm to people on individual basis as well as the state economy, darkening the consequences of usual crimes. It is very easy for criminals to steal identities. No one is immune from this crime. Los Angeles Police Department sergeant Sunil Dutta says, "Technology has simplified most scams. Anyone with a computer, printer, and scanner can falsify personal checks, credit cards, and various forms of identification. Fake ID templates are available on the Internet. Every day, countless credit card offers are mailed to consumers and credit card purchases are processed. Americans can open accounts, deposit money, and spend funds without speaking to a single person. Data that can be entered into a computer or on a telephone keypad are used to identify most customers."2 (Sunil, 2003) Stealing someone's identity actually requires very little effort. Names and mailing addresses of almost anyone can be found out online by paying a nominal amount. Similarly, for not a very high fee, Social Security numbers and employment information can be purchased on the Internet, all in a matter of a few seconds. The privacy has become endangered primarily due to the prevalence of high-speed computers and decryption software. The first and foremost reason that identity theft has become widespread these days is the ease with which one can find out Social Security numbers. Social Security numbers are used as identification and account numbers by many entities, in fact, some states put Social Security numbers on their drivers' licenses. Insurance companies, universities, utility companies, banks, brokerages, and even department stores often have records of Social Security numbers, resulting in a glut of places where our Social Security numbers are floating around; any thief can fish for them and use them to start new credit card accounts or apply for loans. In worst-case scenarios, someone may commit a crime in someone else's name and have the law enforcement

Automobile Assembly Line Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Automobile Assembly Line - Essay Example Technology has made many tasks easier if not eliminated them all together. And, technology has redefined what 'work' is too many people. From farm operations to processing of the products the farms produce evidence of the impact of technology is clear. The technology available has change the way society operates. Society, in turn, has been reshaped by this technology. Society has then continued to develop technology to support its changes in the way it lives. 2. History and Development of the Moving Assembly Line. Many different versions of the assembly line were used throughout history. In recent history the assembly line was used to move meat from one station to another in the meat packing plants of Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). The meat packing plants in Chicago followed with suit by installing the system in their plants. These assembly lines were powered by overhead trolleys with chains. But, the most notable use of the assembly line occurred at Ford Motor Company in Michigan (USA). Ford first began using the assembly line in 1913. It allowed workers to learn one task in production of the auto and complete that task repeatedly as autos passed their station. The assembly line greatly increased the number of autos made at one time. Specialization of the workers meant that workers knew one part of the assembly really well and could repeat the task over and over with great speed. Ford's competition was left behind as Ford could produce more ve hicles at a lower price than its competitors. Ford also did not need as many employees to build an auto because the auto was no longer made all at one station but moved between stations with specialized assemblers at those stations. Ford had successfully implemented the use of the assembly line and created mass production of its product: the automobile. "Ford's famous Model T was assembled in ninety-three minutes."(About, History of Cars) Previously Ford had used a team approach that had a group all working at one station building the auto from beginning to end. Development of the assembly line continued and it became a widely used technology to build different products. The skills needed to build products were gradually transferred to mechanical devices on the assembly line. This skills transfer allowed the industry to hire lower skilled workers that were paid less than their skilled counterparts. This automation of the assembly line required less and less workers who controlled more and more specialized equipment along the assembly line. In essence, the assembly line and automation eliminated the need for most workers. 3. The Social Shaping of Technology. The social shaping of technology (SST) can best be explained as the development of technology to satisfy social needs. These are not needs in the sense of social relationships but rather the social needs to work, be profitable, live at a comfortable socio-economic level, etc. Using assembly line development as an example, this social shaping of technology began with an idea. Ford wanted to produce more cars but make them affordable so that people could, and would, buy them. Ford needed to remain profitable with an affordable product. Producing a car a day vs. a car every ninety-three minutes can have a big effect on profits. The assembly line gave Ford this opportunity. SST is all about choices that shape outcomes. SST offers negotiability to the technological process

To what extent is development a political process versus a technical Essay

To what extent is development a political process versus a technical or economic one - Essay Example The evaluation of the developmental process and the aspect of economic contribution in the social change shall be studied within the context of the role of the United Nations in measuring human development. Defining Development: Before understanding the nature of the human developmental aspects such as economics and politics, it is significant to note the actual definition of development. The definition of human development introduces the debate with the help of different terms. As per the definition of development published by the United Nations, report states that development is a process to enable an environment for nation where they can live long, healthy and creative lives (Frey and Monroe, 1983). The definition allows better understanding of the fact that people can live happily if they are provided with the basic necessity. It should be noted that a human cannot live without making enough earning that will allow him to gain better lifestyle for himself and family. So this note s that the social change within a society can be brought to allow equal opportunity among members of society (Szirmai, 2005). Development among different societies is undertaken in order to provide better income rates to the members so that they are able to select the best for their lives (Rowe, 2009). The political and economic development that has gained a great deal of focus of researchers is now debated because of the political aspects (Willis, 2005). In other words, it could be said that development is a process which needs governmental authorities and economists to work together to bring better changes. The main purpose of the economic activities and cross-borders business ventures is to allow countries to develop and maximize profits (Lewis and Kallab, 1986). This profit making natures of business world allows developing countries to fight against inequality and increasing measures of poverty. As evident from the definition of development, inequality can be reduced if in case poverty’s overall measure within a society is reduced by large (Desai and Potter, 2008). The above noted relationship map of the economical and political development can also be understood in the context of poverty. The measure that most of the politicians set up would be the increased economical opportunities for the poor people. The effective strategic planning is done by politicians to ensure that the measure of inequality is reduced by large. This can be indirectly related to the economical efficiency of the society (Sen, 1999). The central idea of the development is that different institutions of a society provide quickened form of human development. It should be noted that politics and economics are two very important institutions of a society (Desai and Potter, 2008). The functions performed by different institutions of the society are able to make better changes when they are indirectly connected to each other. The need of the hour is to determine the extent to which the development process underlines the elements of political institutions or economical politician. In other words, it can be said that politicians and economists need to understand as to what aspects can surely bring a better and quick paced human development (Escobar, 1995). The political policy framework can allow business authorities to undergo deals and ventures providing majority of people to get better jobs and become stable in their daily

Carnatic Music: An Overview

Carnatic Music: An Overview This paper is on the essence of carnatic music. The topic of carnatic music is indeed an ocean and just a glimpse of the same is presented in a very concise format. The paper explores the difference between Hindustani style and the formers norms. The role of carnatic music in Indias branding is focused upon. The paper also deals with how this ancient form of art has helped to seed various forms of music delivery to soothe as well as energize to jump in joy and tap our feet, with vitamins. The use of music in treatments is also touched upon. The paper also explores on why the music is tapering off in the current day and its counterpart still appraised. The strategies and innovations which still helps the ocean of music to reach and help quench the thirst of the music lovers, is explained. The major lesson stressed in the paper is, Carnatic music still prevails like a diamond and to acquire the jewel is in our hands. Kausalya Suppraja is the first rendition echoed in the air in the temple capital of India when the Sun unhides itself to glow and brighten the sky. Every south Indian would certainly affirm that this is the popular rendition worldwide by our famous Carnatic musician, Bharath Ratna winner Ms.Subbalakshmi. The hymn is a classical portrayal of mantra, requesting the Divine to wake up and enlighten the world with His gracious eyes for blessings. India well known worldwide for its rich cultural and traditional values, is rich with immense treasure of music in all forms and this goes unsaid. The main unique differentiation factor is the Classical form of music and this surely helps in branding India worldwide. . Carnatic music, a branch of Classical music form, a sibling for its counterpart the Hindustani style of music form, is in itself a deep ocean to dive in and feel. The classification and differentiation can be detailed in a very lame format as follows: Carnatic music stresses on the semantic compositions decorated with various beautification factors of music like the swaras, aalapanas, etc while its counterpart aims at routing to the meditative mood of the listener. But ultimately the ambiences of music whether carnatic or Hindustani is simply amazing and breezes off all the negatives and drives the listener to the ocean of peace at least till the tenure of the rendition. Classical Music: Music is a wonderland as iterated many times, is skeleton by the main elements namely shruti(musical pitch),swaras(musical sound for single notes),raga (melodic path) and last being the tala(rhythm).Swaras are basically the alphabets in the form of mighty drops to form the sea of music. Be it carnatic or Hindustani, the skeleton remains the same but the rendition differs, the mood changes, the ambience is altogether different for both. The alphabets are only 7.But these sapthaswaras SA, RI, Ga, Ma, Pa, Da, Ni make the music finally. The tonic difference in singing each swara thus helps in creating 1000s of different ragas and spreads the aroma of emotions. There are 72 main ragas known as the melakarta ragas, which have given birth to several other wonderful ragas. A raga is branched out with the above mentioned 7 swaras(each swara in different tonal way).But to notify the fact that the tone of first and fifth swara i.e. SA and Pa remain the same and no modification can be done. The swara Ma can have two styles of rendering while the rest are flexible to be modified in 3 forms. The exact combination of different tones of each swara is weaved to make the beautiful fabric of a melakarta raga. And each Melakarta raga then seeds out various other ragas wherein certain swaras are subtracted. Shruti can be metaphored to a railway track. The pitch is designed to be on a particular track. A slip outside this track causes a mishap and flops the beauty of the music. Finally the tala to clock the rhythm. This factor is to produce a systematic flow. Distinguishing features: The aroma of Hindustani music lies in innovating or exploring the raga with hardly any lyrics. A simple tone of Aa can run for hours. A concert of Hindustani style extends for almost 3 hours wherein the singer explores and experiences the beauty of each node and each tone of every swara. The ragas are classified as evening ragas and morning ones. The classification can be concluded because each raga spurs our either of the moods specified. The experimentation with the raga and exploring the same with the innovated rendition makes the Hindustani form. The nectar of carnatic lies in melting the hearts with beautifully composed lyrics blended with emotions, due to the raga and the feel donated by the singer. It concentrates on the meaning and thus the created emotion. Carnatic style of rendition mainly pertains to the emotional art. Various rasas or emotions are poured by carnatic music. Its termed as Navarasas, i.e 9 different emotions namely anger, beauty, love, fear, wonder, compassion, valor, peace and amusement. Every raga conveys one of the mentioned emotions. The emotion to ultimately melt a heart or trigger the energy levels is totally confined to the performers ability, knowledge of the raga and also his emotional level. Ancients quote that the carnatic music is the pathway to the divine, if divinely performed, the best illustration being M.S.Subbalakshmi who is often termed as the Bhakti Idol for our nation. A demonstration of a simple raga in the pitch of the adroit triggers a divine vibration and thats the reason why her Venkatesha Suprabatham album still peaks in the market. She demonstrates the bhakti rasa. Style: Filled with rasas and the porridge of divine stories with rich values, every song is beautiful in its own way. With diverse permutations and combinations each raga thus formed and apt lyrics blended, sprouts out meanings. Vedas and scriptures essay that carnatic music is a pathway to the divine. Gone are the days when people used to spend hours reciting mantras and performing rituals. Indeed the global development and personal development factors prune us to abide with work for belly concept. India once known for traditional yagnas and rituals, accepts the phrase Work is worship. Any work devotedly done is worship. Music if considered is also an art of worship. You vent your anger in tune or you melt a heart with melody but in a style. The style or uniqueness differentiates and brands the singer. For instance, in bollywood industry there are so many singers who aped the stalwart Lata Mangeshkar, but hardly attained fame. But the queen of music Lata Mangeshkars sound and songs still r esonates throughout. Reason being she ventured into her own style and stuck to the same. Featuring more on carnatic, every musician triggers an ambience with his/her voice and creates a rasa as mentioned earlier. But the notification and identification matters only with an adherence to a unique style. Bombay Jayasri, carnatic musician from South is famous for her soothing and sober style of rendering. While the famous Hariharan is known for his experimental and innovative style of performance, hardly can anyone ape his singing. And this quality is mandatory to exist in the market. A marketing requirement to sustain in the competitive market is ultimately the unique feature and quality that a product possesses. Innovations and uniqueness always rocks and the same formula is utilized in the form of ragam tanam pallavi. This artistic piece in a carnatic musical concert grants the autonomy of experimenting and portraying the art of creativity with ragas, for the artists. The rhythmic sounds used in dances called tanam are followed and finally a small line in praise of divine is rendered in innumerable ways and styles. Artists enjoy this independence and audiences also enjoy the extent of creativeness in the artists by expressing their happiness with their body language. The pallavi has a rain of swaras followed which forms the spectacular moments during the concerts. Carnatic music therapy: Therapy with music as medicine sounds stunning but its true. Each raga emits a particular emotion which in turn helps in curing certain ailments. An ancient story states that once a disciple, who had resided at his teachers place one night, woke up suddenly in the midst of the dark night as he was disturbed by the hisses of venomous snakes. He was scared to see the queue of wild animals enjoying the songs rendered by his teacher. With this story as a base, research states, if wild animals can be controlled then human minds can be controlled and tamed easily. With yoga, meditation and reiki getting popular and serving as free medicines even the use of music should be optimally used. A study in Japan states that the herbs, bushes and plants grow better with music around. Music increases the metabolism rate even in humans. Carnatic music with various ragas proves to be medicines to cure various ailments without any side effects. Raga Thodi is recommended for high blood pressure patients. Thodi has a medical effect to help bring the pressure to a normal scale. It melts down all your rage and cools and brings the pressure to a balanced level. The 72 ragas as quoted previously have major effect to all the 72 nerves in human body according to various studies. The control on these nerves can be easily gained with the strong effect of these medically built ragas.Neelambari and Bageshri ragas can help insomnia. Anger and inner control can be attained by Sahana and punnagavarali. Laziness can be erased by a tune in Kapi raga. T.V.Sriram, commissioner of central excise Mumbai had penned on music therapy and his popular works are endorsed in France to help regain the clarity of speech in patients with music. Medicine in the form of music to soothe and sue the ailments and gift a life full of energy is thus amazing. Bitter facts and the truth: This is rather disheartening to quote but is the fact and has to be accepted that by and large south Indians hear the tunes of carnatic music. To rather emphasize, the westernization has tamed us to tap our feet with jazzes and hip-hops, forgetting our rich tunes. Indeed the beats and drums boost the energy in us and make us dance and rock the party, a feeling of attaining the ninth cloud is amazing. Thus energy in the western music pales off the strengths of carnatic music and hence has less attendance in carnatic concerts. The young budding generation can hardly pace with slow intensity sound cum rhythm and thats the conclusion for low attendance. Second factor can be the language problem, as most of these compositions are restricted to 4 major south Indian languages (tamil,telugu, malayalam and kannada) the other chunk of population i.e. our north Indian friends can hardly enjoy the same. Other existing problem is that, the interest in learning the same is fading off as its gettin g commercialized. After all, business rules the globe. A senior carnatic musician gets paid 3 or 4 times lesser compared to a Hindustani musician. A strange fact to be asserted here is that, carnatic concerts possess the usual flow of a varnam, keertanas(compositions),small thukadas(small pieces of songs),followed by main piece of the concert which runs for 1 hour minimum, and then small songs,thillanas and mangalam(concluding songs) plus a Hindustani piece(either in the form of bhajan or abhang).On the other hand, a Hindustani concert strict by principle is chalked to have just 3-4 songs maximum, all in hindustani style. Carnatic promotions: Marketing theories have helped the south Indians to devise or strategize innovative ways to attract audience and to an extent has gained victory also. View the south channels coming up with music reality shows. Asianet channel (Malayalam) with show called Idea Star singer has helped many tiny tots to young youths to learn music. The well learned judges like S.Chitra, M.G.Sreekumar, Music Director Sharath (disciple of famous Dr.Balamuralikrishna) and pop idol Usha Uthup always vouch on the positives of learning the carnatic music and have shaped the contestants to wonderful singers with comments and trainings.Jaya TV had come up with Carnatic Idol contest, another reality show which aimed at providing a platform for proving the talent in Carnatic music for children. Again learned artists like Soumya(carnatic musician),Kumerasan and Ganeshan(famous violin brothers) and Neyyvellai Santhanagopalan(noted carnatic singer in south).The show aimed at giving the comments for improvement to th e young budding singers by judges and helping them groom for better renditions. These shows though commercial are still promoting the rich carnatic music. The brand of Carnatism still shines in low intensity because of these strategies. Every December Jaya TV airs Margazhi Maha Utsavam with renowned artists like Dr.Balamuralikrishna,Sudha Raghunathan,Nityashree Mahadevan,Aruna Sairam and many others. Even if its 1 hour show tamilians still stick to their seats and enjoy the tunes. But Jaya TV could target the 50+ audience only, to the maximum. Movies, surely are promoting to preserve our treasure by making films like Marghazhi Ragam by P.C Sreeram starred by T.M.Krishna and Bombay Jayasri. The stars in the film do not narrate any dialogues but just render lovely tunes with different shades of lights generating different moods. It was a new concept of airing the concert in the form of movie and Chennai theatres flocked with ladies in kancheevaram sarees and white or bald headed mamas. The movie played by Shabana Azmi named Morning Raga essayed on the fusion world and popularized the concept. The world of fusion surely gives a stratum for carnatic jewel which still shines brightly in its own spectrum. The famous old Balachander movie which won national award for Suhasini(Kamal Hasans niece) also revolves on the carnatic subject. The entire content mentioned above is beautifully directed into a play by Balachander. Various movies in Malayalam also devote on carnatic subjects and give the carnatic lovers a smile with a message that Carnatic music still stays and shines brightly in its own reach. To add on, sabhas or associations like Keraleeya Samaj, Tamil Sangam, Shanmukhananda fine arts, etc. aim at granting knowledge to the interested students and develop them. They also help the students to gain additional knowledge by conducting competitions and arranging a platform to perform before the stalwarts. Shanmukhananda fine arts in Mumbai conducts a particular competition and the winner is awarded the Thambura (instrument used to generate the shruti is recognized as a boon). Bombay Jayasri (singing fame of Zara Zara), a Thambura award winner herself had quoted that she still possesses that treasure and is grateful to be gifted with the same. All the above mentioned encouragements would surely give impetus to many carnatic gems which would certainly glow the beauty of the same. Conclusion The classical music which has granted immensely to Indians has to be graciously acquired to gain the optimal happiness from the same nectar. Great pioneers of carnatic music have devised and helped the younger generations learn this art of music in varied formats and with the technological developments online trainings on carnatic music has really granted us audio gurus. Lets not forget the culture and tradition of Indian land of Lords and sages and their works and learn or help learn the art of carnatic music along with the western beats. International Financial Reporting Standards: Pros and Cons International Financial Reporting Standards: Pros and Cons The joint project between the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in developing a common accounting language for the world has gained much attention after the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in United States (U.S.) announced its plans to adopt the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). As investments by U.S. investors in foreign public corporations have grown drastically, it is timely for the U.S. to adopt a uniform set of accounting standards to facilitate comparative analyses of foreign and U.S. corporate financial statements. Pros and Cons of U.S.-GAAP and IFRS The broad conceptual difference between GAAP and IFRS is that GAAP is rules-based and IFRS is principles-based. As such, the IFRS is considered more thoughtful, transparent and reflective of the true nature of each transaction. Pros IFRS is less detailed than U.S. GAAP  [i]  , thus reducing complexity that masks economic reality IFRS is easier to use (principles-based) and will result in better reporting (substance over legal form) IFRS is a global approach;comparability to financial statements from other countries that have already adopted IFRS  [ii]   Reduce costs for companies and smooth cross-border investing for investors Cons Management is given more discretion in the interpretation of economic events due to the lack of specific rules Enforcement and cultural interpretations vary (risk of comparability) when individual countries added their own exceptions to the rules, defeating the purpose of a global standard Accounting under IFRS tends to lead to higher earnings  [iii]  , thus inflating earnings of U.S. companies and misleading investors More extensive audit procedures are required to test the reasonableness of financial reporting determinations made by management IFRS on relevance, reliability and decision usefulness IFRS places more emphasis on relevance than reliability. Reliability is associated with accuracy but faithful representation simply means to capture the economic substance, thus giving management the opportunity to reflect the true economic phenomena that the transaction purports to represent rather than be constrained by its accuracy of information. The adoption of fair value accounting in IFRS will incorporate more timely information about economic gains and losses. Incorporating more information in the financial statements will typically make them more informative and improve decision usefulness for users. However, for fair value accounting to be relevant, there must be an active market with observable market prices where managers cannot materially influence. When an active market is not available, fair value accounting becomes mark to model  [iv]  accounting and firms report estimates of market prices, which may not be a faithful representation  [v]  of the underlying asset or liability. In my view, reliability is a necessary precondition that must be met for information to be relevant. Fair value measures can be considered reliable only if the variability in the range of reasonable fair value estimates is not significant. Therefore, there is the risk that speculative future income may be used to justify reporting the asset at a higher carrying amount, which, in turn, would result in reporting a speculative gain. It also means that a significant proportion of a companys reported income could well be represented by calculated net present value growth, not the results of real transactions. In addition, powerful local economic and political forces will lead to an uneven implementation of the IFRS, thereby leading to increased information processing costs, by burying accounting inconsistencies at a deeper and less transparent level than more readily observable differences in standards. Hence, investors may be misled into believing that there is more uniformity in practice than it actually is. Therefore, only when there is balance between relevance and reliability, decision usefulness of financial statements to report on stewardship and provide useful information to present and potential investors can be achieved. Improvement in accounting quality and valuation of firms Although the adoption of the IFRS in the U.S. will inevitably impose hefty transition costs  [vi]  , the move will presumably improve accounting quality and the valuation of firms as it: reflects economic gains and losses in a more timely fashion than U.S. GAAP, makes earnings more informative and provides more useful balance sheets (with fair value accounting) With improved financial statement information, this should lead to more-informed valuation in the equity markets and consequently, lower risk to investors. Small investors are less likely than institutional investors to be able to anticipate financial statement information from other sources so improved financial reporting quality allows them to compete better with professionals and reduces the risk of adverse selection  [vii]  . Reducing the cost of processing financial information will also increase the efficiency in which the stock market incorporates it in prices and thus, with better firm valuation, investors can be expected to gain from increased market efficiency. Corporations might also benefit from a reduction of its cost of capital with increased market depth  [viii]  and lower bid-ask spread  [ix]  . With fair value accounting, reported earnings are less noisy and hence, accounting information are more accurate and more value relevant. However, investors in the U.S. will need to be more discerning in distinguishing between objective andsubjective figures, between realised gains and losses, and gains and losses based on hypothetical calculations. With the adoption of IFRS, the balance sheet becomes the primary vehicle for conveying financial information to investors. As all assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on balance sheet date, the Price/Book ratio will be equal to 1.0. Consequently, accounting quality is improved as the balance sheet satisfies the valuation objective while the income statement provides information about the risk exposure  [x]  and managements performance.

Six Hours Of Television :: essays research papers

Six Hours of Television   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In looking at modern television programming there are hundreds of shows to choose from. Picking six hours of television to analyze from the prospective of an anthropologist is by no means easy. It is easy however, to talk about what our nation looks like to others who have never been here. Everyone is gorgeous, lives happily, and overcomes all problems, but more on that later. Four hours of the programming I chose is perhaps the most popular programming this year, consistently topping the Nielsen ratings. For the remaining two hours of programming I decided to look at two police drama shows, one that was brand new this season and one not brand new, but still going strong. For the two hours of police dramas, I looked at programs with different angles. NYPD BLUE is the story of police detectives, and HIGH INCIDENT was a new show that looked at the view of policing from the Å’beat.' HIGH INCIDENT represented one of the first t.v. shows to come from the SKG works of Steven Spielberg. However, just like Spielberg's previous AMAZING STORIES, HIGH INCIDENT has already ceased to air. This could still change though, with the next season. Of the remaining four hours, three are on television every Thursday night, and include the tremendously popular FRIENDS, the SINGLE GUY, the hits SEINFELD and CAROLINE IN THE CITY, and the most popular show this year, ER. For the remaining hour I choose to look at THE TONIGHT SHOW, with Jay Leno. Between these shows there are many similarities and many differences. All of these shows can be directly compared with each other, having some of the same qualities. Looking at these shows in the perspective of an anthropologist some disquieting trends emerge. I will present the information as if an outsider, from another nation, were watching American shows, and believed what he/she was seeing to be true of what goes on in America. Perhaps more realistic than the other shows, NYPD BLUE, and HIGH INCIDENT represent the closest what life is really like. To a foreigner seeing these shows, they would probably believe that America is a blood bath of crime and ill will towards other people. While this isn't true the whole nation over, there are many cities like those portrayed in these two shows. Like the other shows I will discuss, these two have casts made up of predominately Caucasian males and females. Other nationalities, such as Asian, Afro-American, and Latino are sprinkled in just enough to make sure the shows are politically correct. To an