Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice...

Women and Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice And they lived happily ever after... Or did they? Pride and Prejudice, a captivating novel written by Jane Austen, is the story of Elizabeth and her adventure challenging society and ending up deep in true love. Pride and Prejudice takes place in a town outside of London called Hertfordshire, where the reader follows Elizabeth, her friends, and her family as they search for love in the nineteenth century. The author writes of Elizabeths journey of not only finding herself, but finding true love with Mr. Darcy in the end. Austen herself never married, something that was very untraditional for her time. She went against normalcy and knew that marriage was for love, not money as†¦show more content†¦Because the statement is so candid, the reader can immediately recognize that it is an important theme in the novel. To further illustrate this thought, Austen then displays it in a conversation between Elizabeths parents, Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. Mrs. Bennet is speaking of well-off, si ngle Mr. Bingley and says, But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them (3). This suggests that the union of a man and woman is seen merely as an establishment, not a matrimony of two people in love. Instances such as these show the theme of the novel very clearly to the readers. A conflict between character personalities demonstrates this theme yet again in the novel. When Elizabeths friend Charlotte becomes engaged to a man named Mr. Lucas, the topic of marriage views becomes evident once again. Charlotte does not have an extremely high income, and she feels that marriage is the simple answer to her quest to live a desirable lifestyle. She has no passion to spend the rest of her life with someone whom she actually loves. The narrator states, Without thinking highly either of men or matrimony, marriage had always been her object; it was the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune, and however uncertain of giving happiness, must be their pleasantest preservative from want (166). Because of this statement, the reader understands that these were the conventional ideas ofShow MoreRelatedComparative Study: Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice1502 Words   |  7 Pagesportrayed in Pride and Prejudice are creatively reshaped in Letters to Alice. The two texts, Letters to Alice and Pride and Prejudice, mirror and contrast the central values shared and explored by evaluating them; presenting them against Jane Austens context and that of Fay Weldon. Mirroring Austens novel, Weldon presents the central values for women such as the social values of moral behaviour, independence, and, literary values of reading and writing, from Pride and Prejudice and adapts themRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reflections of illicit and explicit similarities and differences in the values and attributes presented. Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice and Fay Weldon’s 1993 epistolary text Letters to Alice, both challenge the worth of their time as contexts change, but values are upheld. Weldon’s reflection on Austen’s nineteenth century environment, conveys to responders how marriage, gender roles and social class continue to be relevant issues in both regency times and the modern world. ThroughRead Mor eSocial Commentary on Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin1734 Words   |  7 PagesPride and Prejudice Love and Marriage Jane Austen shows the readers within the first sentence what the plot and main theme of Pride and Prejudice is and what social ideas she plans on presenting through this novel. The first sentence of Pride and Prejudice stands as one of the most famous introductory lines in literature. It states, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (Austen 5). This statement puts the novel inRead MorePride and Prejudice Values Juxtaposed Letters to Alice1228 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Pride and Prejudice† and â€Å"Letters to Alice† contains many similarities yet some obvious differences even when considering the fact that they were written hundreds of years apart. Both texts provide strong perspectives on a variety of issues and are very blunt in their approach. The key issue throughout both novels is the ideology of marriage in the sense of whether one should marry for love or financial st ability and standing. Both novels are written in an epistolary format providing a differentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1418 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a fundamental topic in Jane Austen’s famous novel, Pride and Prejudice. Readers become invested in the lives of the Bennet sisters who are constantly dreaming of relationships. Still unknown, however, is Austen’s reason for writing this novel that is so extremely concentrated on marriage. Some critics believe that Austen wrote the novel to portray how different social classes affected the lives of women such as the Bennet sisters. Others, however, believe that the novel was writtenRead MorePride And Prejudice: Love And Money In Holy Matrimony .1396 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice: Love and Money in Holy Matrimony Imagine a present day society where young women were only encouraged to seek a husband for their financial purposes and to gain a reputable status in the social class system. Today, who can fathom a happy marriage between two individuals without love? Well, that’s exactly what was expected in the life of the middle class families during the early nineteenth century, like the Bennet’s daughters in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice. The novelRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1697 Words   |  7 PagesElizabeth Bennett: Outspoken in an Oppressive Society Jane Austen once said, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife† (Austen 1). In other words, women of the nineteenth century were deemed dependent on men. They were to join an advantageous marriage to remain respectable and achieve a higher social class. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice concerns the social norms of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—a patriarchalRead MoreJane Austen’s Novel Pride and Prejudice Essay874 Words   |  4 Pagesmain theme of an advantageous marriage for the English novelist, Jane Austen. Her realism, biting irony and social commentary have gained her historical importance among scholars and critics (Southam). Austen’s major novels, including Pride and Prejudice, were composed between the years 1795-1815. During those twenty years England was at the height of its power facing many historical landmarks (Thomson). It is no coinc idence that Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, coincides directly with theRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financial

General Dentistry A Practitioner Of Any Dental Specialty

Dental Specialties A practitioner of any dental specialty has advanced knowledge and experience. It takes a minimum of four years to get through dental school, and at least another 2 to 3 years of schooling for a specialty. There are seven main specialties. General dentistry focuses mainly on prevention and treatment. A pediatric dentist works with children. An orthodontist will focus on a patient’s bite and the effect that it has on surrounding tissue. An endodontist specializes in disease and injury involving the roots of the teeth. A periodontist is for gum related diseases. Oral Surgery is for the surgical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Finally, a prosthodontist specializes in replacement and restoration of teeth†¦show more content†¦A specialist that many people see in an orthodontist. Although it often seems like a cosmetic concern, the alignment of one’s teeth has a huge impact on things such as tooth and gum decay and even tooth loss. A n orthodontist’s main function is to correct the bite, whether it be an overbite or an underbite. Fixing the bite can also help with the function of the teeth, including chewing and talking (Ranft, n.d.). The outcome from orthodontic treatment is both a straight and healthy smile and a properly functioning bite. An endodontist specializes in the treatment of injury and disease that occurs in the pulp and the roots of the teeth. What once may have required a tooth to be pulled, can now be repaired by an endodontist. An endodontist gives an average of 25 root canals a week, whereas a general dentist averages around 2 (â€Å"Why Choose an Endodontist,† n.d.). Other treatments and endodontist gives include: surgical removal of tooth structures, whitening of the dentin and enamel, root end filling and placement of posts to support and strengthen teeth (Rondon, n.d.). A root canal may sound scary, but it may be the best way to save a tooth and an endodontist has acquir ed specialized knowledge to ensure the best of care. One of the most common dental diseases is periodontal disease and for this you would see a periodontist. A periodontist specializes in the diseases of the gums and their surrounding tissues.Show MoreRelatedThe History Of Cosmetic Dentistry Gives Insight Into The1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of cosmetic dentistry gives insight into the current social standing of cosmetic dentistry. In Braces, Pointless and Essential, Michael Thomsen, the author, presents the history of dentistry (and as a result, the history of cosmetic dentistry). A man named Pierre Fauchard is introduced as an 18th century French physician credited as being the â€Å"father of modern dentistry† because of his formalization of â€Å"the basic principles of contemporary braces† (anchoring dentures to molars to keepRead MoreGeneral Dentistry And Human Anatomy And The Skeletal System1309 Words   |  6 PagesI’ve chosen is General Denti stry. I’m interested in this career because I’d like to have my own practice, this is so I can be my own boss. I also am very interested with human anatomy and the skeletal system. Some things I’m going to cover about General Dentistry are the following: tools and thing used by dentists, career requirements and qualifications, working conditions, salary, typical days, my interests in this career, a personal interview, and lastly, some fun facts about dentistry. Tools andRead MoreSeven Differents Jobs in Dental Occupations 1862 Words   |  8 Pagesresponsibilities. A general practitioner/general dentist, is a dentist that takes care of everything. â€Å"This dentist diagnoses, treats, and manages your overall oral health care needs, including gum care, root canals, fillings, crowns, veneers, bridges, and preventive education† (â€Å"Dentists and Other Oral Health Care Providers,† 2005). In order to become a general practitioner you must first go to undergraduate school, and then complete four more years of dental school (â€Å"What Does a General Dentist Do?† 2013)Read MoreDental Surgery : A Dental Surgeon1751 Words   |  8 Pagesas a dental surgeon, is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry-- the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. A dentist has additional tasks rather than just checking on and pulling teeth, there is much more that a dentist does in their day to day job. A dentist performs many important tasks in the keeping up of oral health. Check-ups are a huge part of the job and are important for patients to stay on top of their oral care. In addition to general check-upsRead MoreEssay A Calling in Dentistry2285 Words   |  10 Pageslooking at the economy I realize that I need to obtain a sustainable job that will be on the rise, and of the three I narrowed it down to one field, dentistry. Inspired by my dentist, Nicholas Chiotelis, I saw his line of work and his passion for the career it became apparent that it was my calling as well. History and Development: Dentistry has always been a part of history, a founding occupation. The tooth worm, first noted by the Sumerians around 5000 BC was one of the many original hypothesisRead MoreJob Shadowing a Dentist3438 Words   |  14 PagesDentistry: A Reason for a Big Smile 2011 Brooke Kraft Derby Family Dentistry 3/13/2011 Everybody has experienced the roaring pain in the back of his or her mouth at one point in their lives. It is the ache that doesn’t seem to go away no matter how careful one might be. At this moment, a person knows that he or she needs help to terminate the throbbing that has literally taken over the entirety of their mouth. They need a dentist to stop the anguish. Luckily, dentistry offices are locatedRead MoreOverview of the Healthcare System in Denmark1847 Words   |  8 Pagesgoverned by a constitutional monarchy, has a central parliament and is administratively divided into regions, municipalities and has 2 dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) (Kravitz Treasure, 2009). It has a national health service (funded by general taxation) and a decentralized healthcare system in which the individual regions run most services and the municipalities are responsible for some public health services (Kravitz Treasure, 2009). However, a process of (re) centralization (unde r theRead MoreU.s. Department Of Veterans9636 Words   |  39 Pagesforecasting provider staffing needs because of a lack of staffing models and tools to make these decisions and a lengthy hiring process. Key findings with respect to the VHA provider staffing levels are: †¢ Finding 1: VHA specialties with the highest provider FTE levels include medicine specialties, mental health, and primary care, consistent with VHA’s care model and the needs of the Veteran population. Social Workers also represent a significant portion of Provider FTEs. (See Section 2.1.1) †¢ Finding 2: VHARead MorePhysician Shortage Of The United States2271 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract The physician shortage is of highest concern in the United States, especially since the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has been passed. The question is, do we really have a physician shortage? Is it by geographical region or by specialty? I will explore this question and have several different solutions to the physician shortage problem. Physician Shortage 3 We have an aging physician population that are reaching the age of retirement. It takes three to sevenRead MoreHealth Care Issues Among Rural Areas2334 Words   |  10 Pagesthan 50 million people—live in rural areas, but only 9% of the nation s physicians practice in rural communities†(Rosenblatt, Hart, 2000, para. 2) There is tremendous need for doctors to enter the workforce within the rural community. People need general and specialized care but are unable to get it because of the plain truth that there just are not enough doctors that are willing to move to these rural areas. â€Å"Only three percent of recent medical students are planning to practice in small towns and

A Clean Well Lighted Place- Ernest Hemmingway Summary Free Essays

â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† Theme Analysis â€Å"I wouldn’t want to be that old. An old man is a nasty thing. † â€Å"Not always. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clean Well Lighted Place- Ernest Hemmingway Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now This old man is clean. He drinks without spilling. Even now, drunk. Look at him. † -Ernest Hemmingway The story written by Ernest Hemmingway tells of a deaf old man who is in conversation with others at a cafe in the late night hours. The others in the story’s setting share a significant difference of age and opinion. It seems they depict their ages as stages of life. The story contains a lot of noteworthy symbols, behaviors and decisions that give us hints as to what the story is supposed to represent. Characters within the story are divided into four age groups, each having different characteristics and behaviors, however all waiting for their time to in which they face the inevitable and depart from the physical realm of living and into what follows. The old man is described as a deaf and depressed man who tried to take his life away a week prior the story’s setting. It is said in the story the man is financially stable and is a frequent guest in the cafe that is well lighted and clean, unlike bars or bodegas . The story also is able to show the old man’s loneliness, sadness, and distress. Also, the waiters are sharing significant differences between them; the young waiter is in a hurry to leave work and go home to his wife, he is unsympathetic for the old man, he shows a disliking to him, and displays disgust towards the idea of getting old and the old man himself. It seems as if the young bartender has no appreciation for the old man life and holds no regard to it. Unlike the older bartender who tries to understand the old man’s condition and is curious of his suicide attempt. The older waiter himself is not in the hurry, after leaving work he goes to the bar to get a drink and then finally falls asleep upon the dawn. The last characters, however not as significant but symbolic, are a young soldier and a young girl who are just strolling through the street at night. The story reveals interesting patterns based on the age of characters. The young couple strolling through the street at night gives us as an image of how young people are free and independent. Having their whole life in front of them, they explore their surroundings, strive for new experiences and enjoy life without taking a break to stop and think where it is leading. The young bartender is a described to be in the next level in life. He is probably one or perhaps two decades older then the soldier and young girl. Hemmingway gives us indirect hints of the characteristics in which a middle stage life in an adult would exhibit. The young bartender is in a hurry to leave the cafe and go home to his wife. â€Å"I wouldn’t want to be that old† he says during the dialog with another bartender. At some point, upset about having to serve the old man who prevents him to close up the cafe and go home he even says, â€Å"He should have killed himself last week. † It shows how this character is captivated by own needs and wants. It shows his life as having purpose or meaning, time for himself, and an outlook for the future of him and his family. Perhaps, at this point of life, Hemmingway tries to tell us that people are confined within their own personal spaces, living a fast-paced life and trying to accomplish as much as possible with no little regard towards others. They do not look towards life’s philosophy and take that approach very lightly carefully avoiding the truth behind life, because they’re simply disgusted by it. Conceivably, materialistic good is a measure of happiness at that age. The conversation between him and the other bartender reveals that in his mind despair over life couldn’t be caused by anything but money. When the older bartender tells him he’s got everything – confidence, youth and work, the young bartender simply replies â€Å"Come on. Stop talking nonsense. . . .† The older bartender, no doubt, is closer emotionally to the old man. He is far from being in a hurry. The sight of the financially well old man who frequently stays until the last possible drink at the cafe, and has tried to commit suicide week before captivates him. In a way he can relate to the old man, and views him as someone who, like him, has contributed his time and life by years. He questions the younger bartender about circumstances around his suicide attempt as well as trying to defend the old man from arrogant opinions expressed by his co-worker. Why didn’t you let him stay and drink? † the old waiter asks the younger bartender when he refused to serve the old man anymore even though the time for closing was an hour away. Then he concludes â€Å"I am of those who do not want to go to bed. [I am] with all those who need a light for the night . . . We are two of different kinds. † The author leaves it to our imagination to interpret what the bartender mea nt by the â€Å"light† for the night however the distinction between two characters that is linked to their age is significant. The older waiter is slowly getting through the stage of life preceding that of the old lonely man. The â€Å"light† might be a symbol for the hope or motivation for the life to continue. Younger characters of the story did not have a need for that hope as they had everything – confidence, youth, work and most importantly – the time. The old man is the most important figure in the story. Even though he is not part of conversation and does not say more than simple words, he is a symbol of the last stage of one’s life. Hemmingway shows that stage as depressing, a lonely time in one’s life. He shows the old man as having realized the meaningless of life, the old man’s need to move on. The suicide attempt was significant as well as the fact that the old man was deaf, because it shows the man’s loneliness, his need to be with others, and is desperate attempt to end the silence, he feels he is confined to his own lonely thoughts by being deaf and wants nothing more than to end the silence with death, because death or life means nothing to him. The story is constructed in a very enlightening way; by including the different age groups and the different opinions of life and its worth to others. It is interesting to see the contrasting views of the individuals as they journey through life and all its experiences. Take the epigraph above; it shows to vivid contrast between the old and the young bartender. The young bartender shows his disgust in getting old, and his avoidance of it, while the old bartender in his quote shares his appreciation for maturity and the life’s worth. It is something to take from this story that as we all live to understand life and its meaning with different views and opinions, we share one thing in common and that is the inevitable. How to cite A Clean Well Lighted Place- Ernest Hemmingway Summary, Papers

Strategy of the Central Bank of Nigeria-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Strategy of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Answer: Introduction: The report gives a brief overview of the development of change management strategy of an established organization. Here in the report the organization chosen is the Central Bank of Nigeria. Thus, the report has a brief description about the bank, its stakeholders and the development of the change management strategy. The report then draws a picture on the first six steps of Kotters model and to what extent the chosen organization aligns its strategies of change based on the proposed model. There is discussion of the external and internal factors of the Central Bank of Nigeria that is responsible for creation of urgency. The report also focuses on the identification of the change events for the bank and analyzing of the attributes and characteristics for coalition building. There is also focus on identification of the goals and broader strategies of the bank in the light of forming a vision. Further, there is a detailed analysis of evolving, improving and monitoring of the strategies for change management undertaken in the context of the bank. The report also gives a brief overview of the relevant tools and techniques used by the Central Bank of Nigeria for communicating the vision. The report also discusses about the removal of the obstacles by the Central Bank of Nigeria through the identification of resistance from potential risk and various stakeholders that is associated with the process of change. Finally, the report speaks about creation of short-term goals of the Central Bank for the realization of the strategic change in management and ends in with a proper conclusion Development of Change Management Strategy (in consideration of Stakeholders) The company chosen here is the Central Bank of Nigeria. The establishment of the Central Bank of Nigeria dates back to 1958 under the CBN act but the commencement of its operation began on first of July1959. The primary regulatory objectives of the bank as per the act was the maintenance of countrys external reserve, promotion of stable financial ambience through proper monetary supply and act as a financial aid as well as advisor to federal government. The end of the imperial rule saw the government in a proactive state especially for economic development. Thus, such desire of the government remained fulfilled by the bank that provided aid to any shortfall in the allocations of credit for the real estate sector (Ovat 2012). Soon the bank also got involved in lending financial help to the customers through various commercial banks. However, government remained actively involved in building the equity centers and nations money through the help of Central Bank of Nigeria. The governmen t also ensured the formation of the securities regulatory board and introduction of instruments related to treasury of the capital markets. The stakeholders of the Central Bank of Nigeria includes other commercial banks, insurance firms, various regulators, development experts and partners, government and public sector institutions, telecommunications/technology firms and other financial institutions(Madawaki, A., 2012). The present scenario is becoming increasingly challenging and complex for the Central Bank of Nigeria (Adeniji, Osibanjo and Abiodun 2013). The bank has not only become targets of cyber attacks and but also suffers regulation on staff planning based on increased budget constraints and demographics. In addition to this, there has also been a change in the mandates of the Central Bank. However, studies have shown that integration of risk management at the early stage of annual plan and strategic plan development can be beneficial. The functions of the risk management that aligns with the day-to -day business procedures can lead to important insights for the people responsible for the strategic planning process (Achumba, Ighomereho, and Akpor-Robaro 2013). However, the forward-looking nature of the strategic planning process is necessary to identify areas of potential risk in future. Thus, it is very important for the integration of risk management with strategic performance and planning management for ensuring better management of the Central Banks reputation and business risk. Creation of Sense of Urgency (Evaluation of the Internal and External Factors of The Organization) Sense of Urgency? According to the model proposed by Kotter, the first step involves creation of urgency. Thus, for a change to occur it requires involvement of the whole organization. This leads to the creation of initial spark for motivating and driving things into action (Appelbaum et. al 2012). Creation of urgency does not only involve showing the people the poor statistics of sales or speaking about enhanced competition but it also leads to convincing and ensure honest conversation with the competitors about the whereabouts of the marketplace. Thus, if there are quite a number of people who considers the change then based on it the urgency can be built and thereby necessary actions taken. Therefore as per Kotter there are few guidelines that need to be followed for the creation of urgency. These are as follows: (1) Identifying the potential threats and developing scenarios that portray the happenings of the future. (2) Examining opportunities that could have been or should have been exploited (3) There should be discussions that should include convincing and dynamic reasons to motivate people to think or talk (4) Requesting the support of the outside stakeholders, customers and industry people to validate the argument related to change. External Factors Applying Kotters theory, the sense of urgency in the Central Bank of Nigeria identified through the the external factors. Here, the external factors refers to the impact of environment on business processes, strategies, visions and missions of the bank (Irefin, Abdul-Azeez and Tijani 2012). However, the business of an organization operates within a bigger framework of external environment that not only enables shaping opportunities but poses potential threat to the organization. However, for the banking sector the external environment comprises of a cluster of complicated, fast changing and noteworthy interacting organizations responsible for affecting the companys ability to deal with the customers. Thus, business must be aware of the environmental conditions that interfere with decisions of marketing strategy. Thus, the environmental conditions must include operational challenges, globalization, economic trend, previous management failures and market pressure and government legisla tion. Internal Factors According to Kotters theory, the sense of urgency in the Central Bank of Nigeria identified through the evaluation of the internal factors. The internal factors include that have a significant impact on the profitability of the Central Bank of Nigeria are asset quality ratio, liquidity ratio, management efficiency ratio and capital ratio. These factors influenced by the management decisions of the bank (Onuonga, S.M., 2014). The asset quality ratio represents the evaluation or review of accessing the credit risk in accordance with the asset chosen. On the other hand, the liquidity ratio refers to the measurement of ability of the company for paying its debt obligations and its safety margins through metrics calculation that includes quick ratio, current ratio and operating cash flow ratio. The efficiency ratio is the measurement of the banks capability in using its liabilities and assets internally. Capital ratio measures the level to which Central Bank of Nigeria finances operation through the issue of shares and profit retention calculated as a percentage of its assets. Coalition Building (Identifying Change Events and Analyzing their Characteristic and Attributes) According to the Kotters, formation of an effective coalition involves step 2 of the change model. Therefore, for a strategic change movement it is very necessary to make people believe in the importance of change (Mou 2013). This first step towards the process is to identify the stakeholders of the company. Thus, for Central Bank of Nigeria it is necessary to identify the government and public sector institutions, telecommunications/technology firms, regulators, other banks and insurance firms who pose as stakeholders. Then the next step involved is to identify the emotional commitment from them. There should also be efforts on effective team building with identification of the weak areas of the team. The team involved should also be a mix of good people from various departments of the bank. Forming a Vision (Developing Goals and Broad Strategy) In step 4, Kotter focuses on the creation of a vision for undertaking a change. This can be explained by saying that when an organization thinks of a change in vision there are ample ideas and solutions that pours in. Therefore, the ideas undertaken for initiating a change in vision in an organizational structure should be such that they are easily understood by the employees. Therefore, in order to do it is very important to determine the values that are essential for the change (Okafor 2012). Then there should be development of short summary that will capture the ideas that foresee the future of the company. Further, there must be a strategy to execute the vision. Additionally, there must also be assurance that the coalition building is able to describe the vision in no less than five minutes. Moreover, a vision speech should describe the present scenario of the company. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria should be inclined and have greater involvement towards the making of economic policy and implementation that involves various events from the last financial crisis. This was done in addition to the traditional functions that involved determining the money supply and interest rates for achieving price stability, implementation and formulation of monetary policy, supervising and regulating the financial and banking systems, financial market stability and management of foreign reserves (Amah and Ahiauzu 2014). Further, the economic crisis has forced the central bank to implement macroeconomic management policies in various nations. Therefore, in Nigeria it became crucial to include a governor in the economic management team of Central Bank so that policies are aligned with the development taking place globally. Thus, the role that Central Bank of Nigeria plays in a developing economy like Nigeria is more demanding than the crisis management. The Nigerian economy has a faltering process of development and lack of professionalism in the formulation and management of economic policy that justifies the fact that Central Bank of Nigeria should be involved more actively in matters related to macroeconomic policy (Odior and Banuso 2012). Monitoring, improving and Evolving Monitoring: Thus, in order to deliver change it is very important to measure and monitor outcome. However, reporting, and clarity of change is also necessary. Compared to commercial sectors, Central Bank has less clarity in the metrics related to market share and profit (Agbada and Osuji 2013). However, a clear discussion on the strategic journey of the Central Bank of Nigeria with reference to labor division between the department heads and the board members responsible for setting policies can explain the extent to which Central Bank of Nigeria show the effectiveness of change and the ways they ensure for valuing their money. Improving: For improvement, there should be a thorough analysis of project management long with the value chain. Therefore, one can see that Central Bank of Nigeria is responsible for managing multiple activities that are in a way resulting in the performance and improvement of various processes of the bank (Von 2012). Thus, the details of the conduct of each department along with the processes and the portfolio of employees responsible are recognized. The work of the value chain however plays a pivotal role in the management of the organization through the linkage of tactic and strategic planning, development and training, risk management, communication, documentation and cost (Peppard and Ward 2016). Evolving: The present scenario puts the bank in a position where they consider the strategic function to be a part of the management structure of Central Bank. However, in this context it be can be said that the leadership, resourcing, profile and buy-in function is necessary for further evolution of the strategic functions within the bank (Adeniji, Osibanjo and Abiodun 2013). Now it is matter of time to wait and see as to how the evolution of the strategic function can further uplift the role of the central bank to deliver sensible practices. Communicating the Vision (Relevant Tools and Techniques to Implement the Changes and Creating an Implementation Plan) According to Kotters model of change step 4 involves the communication of the vision. The vision must strongly be communicates so that it becomes a part of everything that is done within the company (Gorran 2013). In addition to special meetings called for communicating the vision there should be situation when the vision spoken about often. Further, the anxieties and concern of people addressed honestly and openly. Thus, the vision must reflect in all aspects of the operation that ranges from reviews of performance to training. Thus, if the scenario of the Central Bank understood in this context it is important to identify the tools and techniques. Therefore, the tools and techniques for implementation of changes are as follows: Making of the Strategic Plan The strategic planning considered a very effective framework when the Central Bank of Nigeria is undergoing changes that are not only institutional but operational. Therefore, strategic planning enables the bank to deal respond to opportunities, challenges and emerging trends (Quirke 2012). The bank must devote time to ensure that the set objectives are practical enough and are in alignment with the departmental strategy of the Central Bank. Effective Implementation across Institution There is criticality in deriving a strategic vision based on institutional objective; the impact of the change depends on its implementation compared to the formulation of the strategies. In order to do this, a requirement of departmental goal is necessary that must be aligning with the strategic objectives. Implementation refers to the measurement and evaluation of the strategies along with them being operational (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter 2012) . Here, focus is on measuring matrixes, communication, organizational values, culture, and the dynamics of the team. Role of Human Resource (HR) in the Change However, for communicating the vision the HR plays a vital role. Thus, in Central Bank of Nigeria the function of HR should be to provide aid in the process of planning thus ensuring that people not only have experience but they also have the right amount of knowledge and skills as per the strategic plan of the organization(Bratton and Gold 2012). HR strategies should therefore be in accordance with the overall corporate strategy. Generation of Strategic Communication The successful implementation of the strategic change is only possible when the entire organization is well informed. The message must therefore be tailored and not only well constructed for delivery. Thus, the task for of the planners does not end with the implementation of the change but also remains in its proper implementation. This is important because any kind of uncertainty among the staffs may create a hindrance in the implementation of the plan (Zafar and Afzal 2014). Therefore, it is of utmost importance to the Central Bank of Nigeria to undertake communication strategies as a part of their management and planning process. Ensuring Engagement and Leadership The Strategic change management is not just a mechanical process but is also an emotional process. Thus, the change can be at times be stressful for the staffs of the Central Bank of Nigeria if the vision remains unclear to them (Alhazemi, Rees and Hossain 2013). Therefore, the necessary step for the leaders of the team is to boost the enthusiasm and morale of the banking staffs through proper communicative means. Thus, for this purpose one can use various soft skills for enhancing better communication. Removing Obstacles (Identifying Possible Resistance from Various Stakeholders and Potential Risks Associated with Change Process as well as Possible Strategies to Manage Resistance The fifth step of the Kotters model for change focus on removal of the obstacle. This helps in empowering the people of the organization and in the execution of the vision. Thus, the removal of the obstacles refers to identification of the leaders who can understand the strategies for change (Pollack and Pollack 2015). Moreover, the model also stresses on identifying the people who will resist such change and thereby take immediate action for removal of the barriers. Thus, Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure undertaking the following measures for identifying the possible resistance and thereby overcoming it. Importance to Gut Feeling: There are cases that signal about the mistakes of an organization in the portrayal of the strategic change management to the people. Thus, choice of the right people for carrying the business forward is important (Burke 2017). The Central Bank of Nigeria must therefore make a choice involving the right amount of people who will be able to carry forward the strategic change movement. The bank should discard less competent staff from the management. Frugality in Company Value: There should be frugality in matters that involve company value. The Central Bank of Nigeria must convey a message to the staffs and employees to be frugal in matters that involves the company money. Thus, being frugal not only saves cost but also helps the company to move forward with the strategic change management. Abandon What Does Not Work To overcome the obstacles it is very necessary to evaluate the strategies that do not work before they become the reason for a major obstacle (Repoux 2014). Thus, it is important for the Central Bank of Nigeria to identify strategies that do not work. That will enable the bank to concentrate better on other strategies that work towards the change movement. Old Strategies to be Replaced There is an inbound tradition amongst organizations to stick to out of date modes. In this context, it is very important for the Central Bank of Nigeria to identify outdated modes of strategies that hampers business in the process. Thus, for implementing the strategic change management it is important for the organization to identify old strategies and replace them with new ones (Appelbaum et.al 2012). Identifying the Major Obstacle: The organization must identify and train the right people responsible for the growth of the business (Eayrs, Cadrin and Glass 2014). Thus, it is primary for the organization to identify the major obstacles that might pose hindrance to the strategic change management. In this context, this can however be said that the Central Bank of Nigeria should have clarity about the major obstacle that poses threat to the vision for change. Sticking to Vision: The level of the obstacle should be not so huge that it affects the vision of the company. Thus, no matter what the scenario is the Central Bank of Nigeria must adhere to the vision and ensure proper management of function (Calegari, Sibley and Turner 2015). Create Short Term Wins (Identifying Short Term Smart Goals) The Step 6 of Kotter model focuses on the creation of short-term goals. The goals are responsible for the improvement of the organization, on deciding the success of the organization, ensure overall visibility in the organization, and have a connection with strategic change movement (Fullan 2014). These goals therefore, lead to elimination of any kind of discouragement that the company faces and leads to any major change. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria needs to undertake short-term goals that will lead the bank in the process of strategic change management. Specific Innovative Goals The organization should undertake setting specific goals that ensures reflection of the strategic change that management undertakes. However, while setting goals the company must consider them innovative (Kotter 2012). While setting goals it is of utmost importance for the company to make sure that they are team specific and thereby helps in building unity and benchmarks necessary for monitoring success. Ensure Sustainable Growth The choice of goals should be in a manner that ensures the company success through sustainable growth. The chosen goals should not only be aggressive but at the same time be attainable. The bank must also ensure that the employees have proper set of skill set to contribute to the realization of the goals. The usual trend seen is that when goals are in alignment with annual and quarterly reviews then there is persistence of sustainability in the execution of strategic change (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Setting Realistic Goals The initiation of team success with the desired set of goals will not only drive the need for more aggressive goals but will pump up the future strategies for change. The realistic nature of the goals not only allows the Central Bank of America to undertake measures for improving customer satisfaction but initiate necessary changes in the management (Parker et.al 2013). Thus, realistic goals are acting as the force that is responsible for driving the course of the business planning. Timeline Specific Goals The augmentation of the goal setting strategies is through the maintenance of manageable timelines and effective communication. Thus, through commitment, structure setting and execution of specific goals the banks culture will evolve in a manner that will not only sustain but support improvements (Lau 2015). However, the fixture of timeline towards a goal the bank is able to move forward with the strategies of change. Conclusion The report ends with the discussion of the sixth step of Kotters model of change that is creation of short-term goals. There is also a discussion on the various goals undertaken by chosen company, Central Bank of Nigeria. The report does an in detail analysis of the Kotters model of change and how it enables the company in undertaking strategic change management. Here in the report there is a linkage drawn between the Kotters first step of change that involves creation of urgency with how the Central Bank of Nigeria is playing a role in the adoption of urgency through internal and external factors. However, based on Kotters the second step on coalition building the report identifies the change agents, thereby analyses their characteristics, and attributes in relation to the Central Bank of Nigeria. The report further discusses on the third step of the Kotters model, thereby focusing on vision for change for the Central Bank of Nigeria in context of development of goals and broader st rategy. Further, there is discussion on the communication of the vision of selection of techniques and tools for implementation of the strategies for change management. Further briefing about the removal of the obstacles from the Central Bank of Nigeria done that involves identifying the resistance from stakeholders for the implementation of strategic change. In the report, one can also find the development of change management strategy from the point of view of the stakeholders. 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